Databases, Systems & Networks

Un nouveau test VPN publié par le blog du VPN. Ici les VPN sont testés , configurés par créer une base de données la plus fiable possible. Arethusa à ses adeptes, il a déjà été l’ objet d’ une publication par alipaxe. Comme toujours on essayera d’ insister sur les particularités: méthode de configuration – protocole rare – tutos techniques.

Arethusa est proposé par S6N.org: une organisation internationale à but non lucratif fondée en 2003, pour promouvoir liberté d’expression sur Internet. La juridiction dont dépend ce VPN est celle des îles Seychelles: « Applicable jurisdiction for the handling of personal data is the Republic of Seychelles. Only Seychelles authorities can ask us to reveal your personal details. The only details we have about you are the ones you entered yourself. » Le whois de S6N.org confirme l’ enregistrement de nom de domaine de  l’ organisation à Victoria, capitale de cette République. Bien que le site soit en Anglais, le support technique et l’ interface sont en français. Lire la suite…

Reverse SSH is a technique that can be used to access systems (that are behind a firewall) from the outside world.

As you already know SSH is a network protocol that supports cryptographic communication between network nodes. Using this protocol, you can do a secure remote login, secure copy from/to a remote machine etc.

You’ll typically do the following to connect to a remote server securely using ssh command.

$ ssh [your-account-login]@[server-ip]

What is Reverse SSH?

SSH is very good tool to access remote machine or server securely. But, the problem arises when you try to connect to a remote server which is behind a firewall and this firewall denies any incoming connection or data transfer request that has no prior outgoing request. This means that only those connections would be allowed which are initiated by the remote server machine. This is a real problem for those who want to access this server machine remotely. Lire la suite…

How to check iptables traffic on the fly?

Here are a few commands that can help:

watch --interval 0 'iptables -nvL | grep -v "0 0"'

watch 'iptables -vL'

while true; do iptables -nvL > /tmp/now; diff -U0 /tmp/prev /tmp/now > /tmp/diff; clear; cat /tmp/diff; mv /tmp/now /tmp/prev; sleep 1; done

watch -d -n 2 iptables -nvL

Source: Ubuntu Tutorials

I got to thinking about something the other day when I rebuilt my webserver using Debian 5.0. How does Debian/Ubuntu standardize on reloading the iptables rules at boot time?

I know that Red Hat and its variants use the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file as a save and restore point, and there is an init script, iptables, that starts at boot prior to the network script, but is there a similar standard on Debian/Ubuntu?

The solution I’ve come up with (and I’m very curious to hear what others have done) is the following:

First, I manually enter my base iptables rules…

iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 17.88.115.150/32 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 111.70.51.51/32 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 16.10.111.177/32 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-unreachable
...etc, etc.

*(ip addresses have been scrambled to protect their identity)

I then run:

iptables-save > /etc/default/iptables

From this point forward I manually update my ruleset by editing the file directly with a text editor.

To reload these rules at boot-time I have added a line to my /etc/network/interfaces configuration as follows:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address foo
netmask bar
gateway baz
dns-search domain.tld
dns-nameservers foo
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/default/iptables

That last line tells the machine that, before you activate these network settings, run iptables-restore and read from the file /etc/default/iptables.  This seems to work well enough so far, but I’m still curious what others have done.  Do you simply write an init script on your own and maintain the ruleset within that file?  Do you use a file similar to what I’ve done, but source it via an init script?  I’m curious, as there does not seem to be a standard that I’m aware of.

Portier SSH

Si vous possédez un serveur avec ssh opérationnel, vous ne serez pas long à avoir des messages tels que ceux ci dans le fichier /var/log/auth.log:

...
Mar 11 12:48:21 serv sshd[12956]: Failed password for invalid user root from 64.71.148.162 port 47270 ssh2
Mar 11 15:45:04 serv sshd[6954]: Did not receive identification string from 210.21.30.72
Mar 11 15:46:48 serv sshd[7041]: Did not receive identification string from 81.93.188.5
Mar 11 15:47:50 serv sshd[7106]: User root from 210.21.30.72 not allowed because none of user s groups are listed in AllowGroups
Mar 11 15:47:50 serv sshd[7106]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=210.21.30.72  user=root
Mar 11 15:47:52 serv sshd[7106]: Failed password for invalid user root from 210.21.30.72 port 54346 ssh2
Mar 11 15:49:33 serv sshd[7241]: User root from 81.93.188.5 not allowed because none of user s groups are listed in AllowGroups
Mar 11 15:49:33 serv sshd[7241]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=81.93.188.5  user=root
Mar 11 15:49:35 serv sshd[7241]: Failed password for invalid user root from 81.93.188.5 port 44663 ssh2
Mar 12 00:51:18 serv sshd[22229]: User root from host.ongamemarketing.com not allowed because none of user s groups are listed in AllowGroups
Mar 12 00:51:18 serv sshd[22229]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=host.ongamemarketing.com  user=root
Mar 12 00:51:20 serv sshd[22229]: Failed password for invalid user root from 174.133.12.130 port 48089 ssh2
Mar 12 00:51:22 serv sshd[22236]: User root from host.ongamemarketing.com not allowed because none of user s groups are listed in AllowGroups
Mar 12 00:51:22 serv sshd[22236]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=host.ongamemarketing.com  user=root
Mar 12 00:51:24 serv sshd[22236]: Failed password for invalid user root from 174.133.12.130 port 48521 ssh2
Mar 12 01:47:10 serv sshd[30827]: Did not receive identification string from 114.200.199.144
Mar 12 01:53:17 serv sshd[31227]: Invalid user staff from 114.200.199.144
Mar 12 01:53:17 serv sshd[31227]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Mar 12 01:53:17 serv sshd[31227]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=114.200.199.144
Mar 12 01:53:19 serv sshd[31227]: Failed password for invalid user staff from 114.200.199.144 port 35343 ssh2
Mar 12 01:53:27 serv sshd[31234]: Invalid user sales from 114.200.199.144
...

Vous avez besoin de pouvoir vous connecter en ssh depuis le réseau local, depuis l’extérieur, mais vous voulez limiter les risques. Il existe plusieurs solutions, qui peuvent être cumulées: Lire la suite…